Turkish Must Know
Bread and Cover Charges
Bread, butter, olives, and small appetizers may be brought to your table without request in many restaurants. These are often free and included in a “cover charge” (“kuver” in Turkish) on your bill.
Tea & Turkish Coffee Culture
Offering tea (çay) or Turkish coffee is a sign of hospitality in Turkey. You might be offered a free glass of tea at shops or after meals—it’s a friendly gesture and part of Turkish social life. Accepting it is a great way to connect with locals.
Language
Turkish is the official language. English is widely spoken in tourist areas, major cities, hotels, and by younger people. In prestigious and touristic venues, menus have English translations. Still, learning a few Turkish phrases is appreciated by locals.
Personal Space and Greeting
In Turkey, greetings are often warm and physical—handshakes, hugs, or even kisses on the cheek among close friends. However, not all strangers greet with cheek kisses (unlike in Portugal). Personal space is generally closer than in northern Europe or the U.S.
Call to Prayer (Ezan)
The call to prayer is broadcast five times a day from mosques. It’s part of daily life in Turkey and can be heard citywide. While you don’t need to do anything, it may be a good idea to show respect in very local or religious places.
Mosque Etiquette
If visiting mosques, dress modestly—women should bring a scarf to cover their head, and both men and women should wear clothing that covers knees and shoulders. Shoes must be removed before entering prayer areas. Silence and respect are expected, especially during prayer times.
Cash vs. Card
Credit and debit cards are widely accepted in Turkey. However, smaller shops, street vendors, and taxis prefer cash. It’s wise to carry some cash, particularly for smaller purchases or in local markets.
Internet and SIM Cards
Free Wi-Fi is available in many cafes, hotels, and restaurants. For more reliable access:
Buy a local SIM card (from Turkcell, Vodafone, or Türk Telekom) at the airport or in city centers.
Have your passport ready, as it’s required for registration. Or you can download the app Airalo and buy a e-SIM.
Driving
In Turkey, people drive on the right side of the road. Major roads and highways are generally in good condition, but rural or historic city center roads can be narrow or congested. Renting a car is a great option for exploring the countryside, but driving and parking in big cities like Istanbul can be challenging. In general, valet services and parking lots are available. They may be a bit expensive, but they’re often the most practical solution.
Traffic & Pedestrian Rules
Even though traffic laws exist, pedestrians don’t always have the right of way—especially on busy streets. Cross with caution, even at marked crossings.
Public Transportation
Big cities have public transportation systems including buses, metros, trams, and ferries. In Istanbul, the Istanbulkart is the equivalent of Portugal’s Viva card, used across all transit modes.
Toll Roads
Turkey has many toll roads, especially between major cities. Most tolls are paid via an electronic system like HGS or OGS. If renting a car, make sure it’s equipped with one of these.
Electricity and Plugs
Turkey uses 230V voltage and plug types C and F (two round pins), which is the same as much of Europe. If your device uses a different plug or voltage, bring an adapter or converter.
Tap Water – Drink Bottled Water
While tap water is generally safe for brushing teeth and washing, locals prefer bottled water for drinking. It’s inexpensive and widely available in supermarkets and kiosks.
Smoking
Smoking is banned indoors in public spaces such as cafes, restaurants, and shopping malls, although designated smoking areas may exist. Be mindful of signage. Outdoors, smoking is generally allowed.
Drinking Alcohol
Alcohol is available in restaurants, bars, and supermarkets, especially in cities and tourist areas.
Rakı (a strong anise-flavored drink) is the national spirit and often enjoyed with long meals.
Drinking in public (parks, streets) is generally frowned upon outside designated areas. In more conservative towns, alcohol may not appear on menus at all.
Tipping Culture
Tipping is appreciated. In restaurants, rounding up or leaving 10% is common if service was good. Often, a service charge of 10–12% is already included in the bill. In such cases, you don’t need to tip extra. Tipping is not expected in taxis.
Bargaining is Part of the Fun
In markets like the Grand Bazaar or small souvenir shops, bargaining is expected. Don’t be shy—smile, be polite, and enjoy the experience. In shopping malls and chain stores, prices are fixed.
Turkish Toilets in Public Areas
Western-style toilets are very common. However, you may still encounter squat toilets in traditional public restrooms. Carrying your own tissue or wet wipes can be helpful.
Safety and Scams
Turkey is generally safe for tourists, but as in any major city:
Watch out for common scams in tourist areas (e.g., overly friendly strangers, overpriced taxis, fake leather/jewelry).
Avoid political demonstrations and large crowds—these can draw unwanted attention.
Use licensed taxis (yellow cabs with meters) or ride apps like BiTaksi. Always make sure the meter is running.
Be cautious with your belongings in crowded places like bazaars or public transport.
